Sains Malaysiana 54(3)(2025): 677-689

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5403-06

Hubung Kait Perumah Rafflesia (Tetrastigma sp.) dengan Komuniti Tumbuhan dan Ciri Mikrohabitat di Hutan Simpan Jerantut Tambahan, Mukim Ulu Cheka, Daerah Jerantut, Pahang

(Relationship between Rafflesia Host (Tetrastigma sp.) with Plant Community and Microhabitat Characteristics in Jerantut Tambahan Forest Reserve, Mukim Ulu Cheka, Jerantut District, Pahang)

SITI NURFAEIZA ABD RAZAK¹, SHAMSUL KHAMIS ^2,3,* & MOHD AFIQ AIZAT JUHARI³

¹Jabatan Sains Perhutanan dan Biodiversiti, Fakulti Perhutanan dan Alam Sekitar, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
²Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
³Pusat Penyelidikan Bukit Fraser, Pusat Pengurusan Makmal Alami dan Fizikal (ALAF-UKM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 26 Mei 2024/Diterima: 27 November 2024

Abstrak

Kajian ini menilai komposisi spesies tumbuhan dan struktur komuniti habitat populasi Rafflesia serta pengaruh faktor mikrohabitat terhadap kehadiran spesies ini di Hutan Simpan Tambahan Jerantut, Ulu Cheka, Jerantut, Pahang. Plot kajian dibina menggunakan kaedah pensampelan plot lingkaran bersarang dengan radius 10 m yang merangkumi pokok dengan diameter pada paras dada (DBH) 1.0 cm dan ke atas. Sejumlah 99 individu terdiri daripada 62 spesies, 45 genus dan 25 famili direkodkan. Dipterocarpaceae mencatatkan famili tertinggi dengan enam spesies, diikuti oleh Fabaceae dan Euphorbiaceae kedua-duanya dengan lima spesies. Kepadatan pokok secara keseluruhan adalah 396 individu/ha (ind/ha) dengan Fabaceae mencatatkan famili yang tertinggi dengan 44 ind/ha. Luas pangkal keseluruhan adalah 18.55 m²/ha dengan Dipterocarpaceae menyumbang nilai tertinggi dengan 9.20 m²/ha pada peringkat famili dan Shorea ovalis menyumbangkan nilai tertinggi pada peringkat spesies dengan 8.30 m²/ha dan merekodkan Indeks Nilai Kepentingan (IV_i) tertinggi pada 16.45%. Nilai Indeks Kepelbagaian Shannon (H’) adalah 3.86, Indeks Keseragaman Shannon (E) 0.94 dan Indeks Kekayaan Margalef (R) dengan 15.5. Kajian ini merekodkan nilai pH tanah mempengaruhi kemunculan empat daripada lapan populasi Rafflesia. Penemuan ini dapat membantu dalam usaha pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan habitat Rafflesia dengan melihat kepada ciri mikrohabitat yang perlu diambil perhatian bagi memastikan kemandirian spesies ini. Hasil kajian juga digunakan bagi membuat ramalan kemunculan Rafflesia di kawasan baharu berdasarkan faktor mikrohabitat yang dikenal pasti.

Kata kunci: Komposisi spesies; mikrohabitat; Rafflesia; struktur komuniti

Abstract

This study assessed the plant species composition and community structure of the habitats of Rafflesia populations and its relationship with microhabitat at the Jerantut Tambahan Forest Reserve, Ulu Cheka, Jerantut, Pahang. The plant community survey utilised nested circle plot sampling with 10 m radius which include trees with 1.0 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) and above. A total of 62 species from 45 genera, 25 families, and 99 individuals were recorded. Dipterocarpaceae recorded the highest family with six species, followed by Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae both with five species. The total tree density was 396 individuals/ha (ind/ha) with Fabaceae recorded the highest with 44 ind/ha. The total basal area was 18.55 m²/ha where Dipterocarpaceae contributed the highest with 9.20 m²/ha at the family level, while at the species level, Shorea ovalis was the highest with 8.30 m²/ha and had the highest importance value index at 16.45%. The value of Shannon Diversity Index (H’) was 3.86, Evenness Index of 0.94 and Margalef Richness Index (15.5). This study recorded that soil pH influences the occurrence of four out of eight Rafflesia populations. This finding aid in conservation efforts by highlighting the key environmental factors that need to be maintained or restored to support Rafflesia habitats. Besides, the results are useful in predicting other potential sites where Rafflesia might thrive based on similar environmental conditions.

Keywords: Community structure; microhabitats; Rafflesia; species composition

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: shamsulk@ukm.edu.my